Philosophy
The fundamental attribution error refers to a social Cognitive Bias in which observers consistently overemphasise dispositional or personality factors while underemphasising situational and environmental influences when evaluating the behaviour of others. This phenomenon leads to the conclusion that an individual's actions are primarily a reflection of their inherent
Philosophy
The shift from traditionalist dynamics, where masculine and feminine energies were clearly distinguished, to a modern ideological framework has fundamentally altered the trajectory of Western civilisation. Traditional structures once guided these energies to create cultural harmony, but the modern intellectual lens has replaced this with the age of ideologies, most
Philosophy
Definition and Theoretical Overview The availability heuristic, also referred to as availability bias, is a Cognitive Bias and mental shortcut utilised to evaluate the frequency, probability, or importance of a topic, concept, or decision based on the ease with which examples or instances are brought to mind. Operating on the
Philosophy
The Three Classical Laws of Logic The three classical laws of logic, historically identified as the laws of thought, constitute the foundational principles of formal reasoning and the systematic acquisition of knowledge. These laws are traditionally held to be the necessary and sufficient conditions for correct thinking, asserting that without
Philosophy
The slippery slope is a rhetorical and Logical Fallacies in which a specific course of action is rejected based on the belief that it will trigger a chain reaction leading to an undesirable or extreme conclusion. This argument asserts that a relatively minor initial step will inevitably lead to a
Philosophy
Definition and Economic Principles The sunk cost fallacy represents a Cognitive Bias and economic phenomenon in which individuals or organisations persist with a course of action based on previously invested resources rather than present value or future potential. Sunk costs are defined as expenses that have already been incurred and
Philosophy
The gambler’s fallacy is a Cognitive Bias defined by the erroneous belief that the probability of a random event is influenced by previous occurrences of that type of event. It is characterised by a conviction that, for random processes, a run of a particular outcome will be balanced by
Philosophy
Toxoplasmosis is a widespread parasitic infection caused by the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, for which approximately half of the global feline population serves as a carrier. In human populations, particularly within the United States, infection rates among individuals over the age of twelve are estimated at 22.5 per cent, largely
Philosophy
Groupthink describes a Cognitive Bias wherein highly cohesive groups reach faulty decisions because internal pressures lead to a decline in mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgement. This process occurs when group members prioritise unanimity over a realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action. Groups are particularly vulnerable when they
Philosophy
Overconfidence bias is a Cognitive Bias characterised by a systematic miscalibration of subjective probabilities, in which an individual's confidence in their own judgments is reliably greater than the objective accuracy of those judgments. It is widely considered one of the most prevalent and potentially catastrophic problems in human
Philosophy
The tu quoque argument, literally translated from Latin as you also, is a specific subtype of the ad hominem Logical Fallacies. It is widely identified as the appeal to hypocrisy, as it seeks to discredit an opponent's argument by pointing out that the speaker has failed to act